Malay

1. Apakah Flu Khinzir (Selesema Khinzir)?
   Flu Khinzir adalah sejenis penyakit pernafasan (respiratori) yang pada lazimnya berlaku di kalangan khinzir yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza jenis A. Virus Flu Khinzir boleh merebak antara khinzir sepanjang tahun tetapi ianya selalu berlaku ketika akhir musim luruh dan musim sejuk sama seperti wabak selesema pada manusia. Ianya menyebabkan kadar penyakit yang tinggi tetapi paras kematian rendah di kalangan khinzir.
    

2. Adakah Flu Khinzir ini menjejaskan manusia?
   Virus Flu Khinzir yang menyebabkan penyakit di kalangan khinzir ini jarang sekali menjangkiti manusia. Walau bagaimanapun, jangkitan terhadap manusia pernah berlaku melalui pendedahan secara langsung dengan khinzir, tetapi terdapat juga kes yang dicatatkan yang jangkitan flu khinzir boleh berlaku di antara manusia ke manusia..
    

3. Bagaimana Flu Khinzir menjangkiti kepada manusia?
   Swine flu spreads to humans mainly through contact with infected pigs, which shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions and faeces. Limited human-to-human transmission can also occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people.
    

4. Dapatkah manusia menjangkiti Flu Khinzir melalui memakan daging khinzir?
   Sejauh ini belum ada bukti yang menjelaskan bahawa flu khinzir boleh menjangkiti kepada manusia melalui memakan daging khinzir atau produknya yang sudah dimasak dengan sempurna.
    

5. Apakah simptom-simptom Flu Khinzir di kalangan manusia?
   Simptom Flu Khinzir adalah serupa dengan simptom flu biasa berlaku di kalangan manusia secara bermusim. Simptom-simptom awal termasuk demam panas, batuk, selesema, sakit tekak, dan kadang kala sesak nafas beberapa hari kemudian.
    

6. Bagaimana flu khinzir di kalangan manusia dikenalpasti?
   Untuk mengenal pasti Flu Khinzir, specimen cecair pernafasan (selalunya dari rongga hidung) diambil dalam masa 4 ke 5 hari semasa demam (waktu di mana orang yang dijangkiti menghasilkan virus). Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah orang, terutama kanak-kanak akan menghasilkan virus dalam masa 10 hari atau lebih.
    

7. Apakah jenis ubat yang dapat merawat Flu Khinzir di kalangan manusia?
   Virus Flu Khinzir yang telah dikenalpasti di kalangan manusia mempunyai rintangan (resistant) terhadap dua jenis ubat flu iaitu amantadine dan rimantadine, walau bagaimanapun ia boleh dirawat denga dua ubat yang terdapat di Negara Brunei Darussalam, iaitu oseltamivir (Tamiflu) dan zanamivir (Relenza).
    

8. Adakah terdapat kes Flu Khinzir di Negara Brunei Darussalam?
   Sejauh ini tiada kes flu khinzir dilaporkan di Negara Brunei Darussalam.
    

9. Negara Brunei Darussalam tidak mempunyai ladang khinzir. Adakah itu bermakna kita tidak akan terjejas?
   Wabak di Mexico dan di Amerika Syarikat telah menunjukkan bahawa jangkitan di kalangan manusia dan kebanyakkan kes adalah terdiri daripada mereka yang TIDAK terdedah melalui sentuhan dengan khinzir. Oleh itu, ada kemungkinan yang virus berkenaan boleh memasuki Negara Brunei Darussalam melalui pengembara/pengunjung ke Negara ini. Kementerian Kesihatan sentiasa memantau situasi dengan rapi dan akan memaklumkan kepada orang ramai mengenai sebarang perkembangan baru.
    

10. Apakah langkah-langkah Kementerian Kesihatan bagi memastikan wabak tersebut tidak merebak ke Negara ini?
    Kementerian Kesihatan sentiasa memastikan sistem pengawasan penyakit yang teratur dan komprehensif bagi pengesanan awal kes influenza baru seperti Flu Khinzir di kalangan manusia. Selain itu, ke semua hospital-hospital dan pusat-pusat kesihatan adalah dalam keadaan bersiap siaga bagi sebarang kes yang disyaki. Apabila perlu, Kementerian Kesihatan akan meningkatkan langkah-langkah kesihatan awam seperti menjalankan kuarantin dan mengeluarkan nasihat-nasihat kesihatan kepada orang ramai. Pemeriksaan suhu badan bagi semua pengembara diteruskan di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Brunei dan juga pos kawalan serta mengisikan Borang Deklarasi Kesihatan bagi semua penumpang sebaik sahaja tiba di Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Brunei dan pos kawalan.
     

11. Adakah selamat untuk mengunjungi Negara-negara yang mempunyai kes Flu Khinzir dan adakah saya akan dikuarantin sebaik sahaja pulang?. Apakah langkah-langkah pencegahan yang perlu diambil oleh mereka yang membuat perjalanan?
    Buat masa ini tidak ada sebarang tegahan atau nasihat kuarantin oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia mengenai Flu Khinzir. Namun, Kementerian Kesihatan menasihatkan supaya menangguhkan perjalanan ke Negara-negara yang terjejas. Jika awda perlu pergi ke Negara-negara berkenaan, awda perlu mengambil langkahlangkah yang dinyatakan di bawah ini untuk mengurangkan risiko dijangkiti Flu Khinzir:

    • Elakkan mendampingi orang yang mempunyai simptom influenza (ini termasuk demam, sakit tekak, batuk, hidung berair)

    • Elakkan tempat-tempat yang yang sesak

    • Pastikan persekitaran dan diri awda dalam keadaan bersih. Tutup hidung dan mulut awda dengan tisu atau tangan ketika bersin atau batuk. Sentiasa menyuci tangan dengan menggunakan sabun dan air dan ketika ia dicemari oleh cairan pernafasan seperti selepas bersin.

    • Kekalkan ketahanan badan yang baik melalui permakanan yang seimbang, senaman, rehat yang cukup, pengurangan stres dan tidak merokok..
       

12. Apa yang perlu saya lakukan jika saya mensyaki diri saya dijangkiti Flu Khinzir sebaik sahaja pulang ke Negara Brunei Darussalam?
    Awda perlu berjumpa dengan doktor seberapa segera dan memaklumkan kepada doktor jika awda mempunyai simptom-simptom Flu Khinzir dan telah membuat perjalanan ke Negara-negara di mana adanya kes Flu Khinzir.
    
    Awda perlu menghubungi Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit di talian 2382023 bagi tujuan
    \ pemantauan.
     

13. Apa yang patut saya lakukan jika saya sakit di luar negera?
    Awda perlu berjumpa doktor di Negara tersebut dengan segera dan mengelakkan dari membuat perjalanan sehingga awda disahkan sihat oleh doktor.
     

14. Adakah suntikan vaksin influenza boleh membantu mencegah Flu Khinzir?
    Pada masa ini tidak ada sebarang suntikan vaksin untuk melindungi manusia dari Flu Khinzir. Suntikan vaksin influenza biasa yang terdapat di Negara Brunei Darussalam tidak dapat memberi perlindungan terhadap virus Flu Khinzir H1N1.
    
    Untuk maklumat lanjut, orang ramai boleh menghubungi talian telefon Health Line, Kementerian Kesihatan - 2384234

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English
 

1. What is Swine Flu (Swine Influenza)?
   Swine Flu is a respiratory disease affecting pigs that is caused by type A influenza virus. Swine influenza viruses may circulate among swine or pigs throughout the year, but most outbreaks occur during the late autumn and winter months similar to influenza outbreaks in humans. It causes high levels of illness but low death rates in pigs.
    

2. Does Swine Flu affect humans?
   Swine flu viruses that cause disease in pigs very rarely affect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine flu have occurred. Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs but there have also been documented cases of human-to-human spread of swine flu.
    

3. How does Swine Flu spread to humans?
   Swine flu spreads to humans mainly through contact with infected pigs, which shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions and faeces. Limited human-to-human transmission can also occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people.
    

4. Can people catch Swine Flu from eating pork?
   There is currently no evidence to suggest that swine flu can be transmitted to humans from eating pork or pork products that have been thoroughly cooked.
    

5. What are the symptoms of Swine Flu in humans?
   The symptoms of swine flu in people are expected to be similar to the symptoms of regular human seasonal influenza. An early symptom is high fever, and this is followed by cough, sore throat, runny nose and sometimes breathlessness a few days later.
    

6. How can human infections with swine flu be diagnosed?
   To diagnose swine flu, a respiratory specimen (usually from the nasal passages) would need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding the virus). However, some persons, especially children may shed the virus for 10 days or longer.
    

7. What medications are available to treat swine flu infection in humans?
   The most recent swine flu viruses isolated from humans are found to be resistant to two influenza drugs (amantadine and rimantadine), however it is still susceptible to two other drugs available in Brunei Darussalam, oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza).
    

8. Are there any cases of Swine Flu in Brunei Darussalam?
   So far there have been no human cases of swine flu detected in Brunei Darussalam.
    

9. Brunei Darussalam doesn’t have any pig farms. Does that mean we will not be affected?
   The recent outbreaks in Mexico and the United States have indicated that there has been transmission between humans and most cases have NOT had any contact with pigs. Therefore, it is not impossible for the virus to be imported into Brunei Darussalam by travelers. The Ministry of Health is monitoring the situation closely and will update the public should the situation change.
    

10. What is the Ministry of Health doing to ensure that the disease is not transmitted here?
    The Ministry of Health maintains a comprehensive and well established disease surveillance system for the early detection of human cases of novel influenzas such as swine flu. In addition, all hospitals and health centres in Brunei Darussalam are on the vigilance for any suspected cases. When the situation is required, the Ministry will step up public health measures e.g. quarantine of contacts, issue public health advisories. Thermal scanning for all travelers with fever is continuing at the Brunei International Airport and the filling in of Health Declaration Forms by all travelers arriving at Brunei International Airport will recommence as of 27th April 2009.
     

11. Is it safe to visit countries with cases of Swine Flu and will I be quarantined when I return? What travel precautions should I take?
    There are currently no travel restrictions or quarantine advised by the World Health Organization for swine flu. However, the Ministry of Health advises that any unnecessary travel to the affected areas be avoided for the time being. If you do intend to travel to areas which have cases of swine flu (currently – California, Texas and Kansas in the United States; and Mexico), you should take note of the following measures to minimize your risk of acquiring swine flu:

    • Avoid contact with persons with symptoms of influenza (this includes fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose)

    • Avoid crowded areas and maintain good ventilation

    • Observe good personal and environmental hygiene. Cover your mouth and nose with tissue or your hands when sneezing or coughing. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water frequently and when they are contaminated by respiratory secretions e.g. after sneezing.

    • Maintain good body resistance through a balanced diet, regular exercise, having adequate rest, reducing stress and not smoking.
       

12. What should I do if I suspect I have swine flu after returning to Brunei Darussalam?
    You should consult your doctor as soon as possible and inform your doctor if you have symptoms of swine flu and had recently travelled to areas which have cases of swine flu (currently California, Texas, Kansas in the United States; and Mexico).
     

13. What should I do if I fall ill overseas?
    You should consult a local doctor as soon as possible and refrain from traveling until you are certified fit by the doctor.
     

14. Does influenza vaccination help in preventing Swine Flu?
    There is no vaccine available to protect humans from swine flu. The seasonal influenza vaccine which is available in Brunei Darussalam is unlikely to protect against H1N1 swine flu viruses.